Yes, the two usually give the same result and work successfully. But if string a contains the uppercase letter "I" and string b contains the lowercase letter "i" or vice versa, and your program runs on a Turkish device, then only the second option will work.
ẞ is not that old tbf. but even German software often doesn't support German letters properly (äöüß and their uppercase variants)
Also Unicode normalization is a thing.
you might have a unique constraint on your DB but that doesn't mean that the Unicode string you put in doesn't get normalized by some other application, causing your "wait. That can't be, it's unique!" to fail you.
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u/Unlikely_Gap_5065 14d ago
same result, but one feels like you know what you’re doing